The World’s Biggest Floating Natural Gas Terminal Can’t Get Steady Work

Nobody will ever accuse shipper Mitsui O.S.K. Lines of not thinking big. Its new 40 billion yen ($394 million) floating liquid natural gas terminal, scheduled for delivery as early as the end of this year, is longer than three football fields and capable of storing enough LNG to power all of Sweden for a day. That heft was supposed to be one of its biggest selling points, allowing customers to quickly sail in a complete complex to store and transform LNG back into gaseous fuel at a fraction of the cost of building a billion-dollar gas terminal on land.
But since the vessel was ordered three years ago from Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering, supplies of onshore gas have risen, and the number of smaller competing ships has grown—lowering ship-leasing rates and dimming the appeal of the floating megafactory. That means the gas complex may sit idle after delivery.

It will be more than a year before the vessel’s first confirmed job, a 20-year charter for Uruguay’s Gas Sayago, a joint venture of state-owned energy companies. Construction delays, cost overruns on the energy project, and a change in the project’s developers have postponed the country’s need for the vessel. And now to free up cash, Mitsui O.S.K. is looking for a partner in Uruguay to share the cost of developing the ship, says Takeshi Hashimoto, the company’s senior managing executive who’s overseen the project since its start. Explains Hashimoto: “We need to think about our balance sheet.”
For now, Mitsui O.S.K. is scouting for short-term business to get some cash in the door. Although the vessel could also function as a regular LNG carrier, there’s little demand for one-off delivery jobs for units of its size, says David Boggs, managing director of Singapore-based consulting firm Energy Maritime Associates. “They could lay it up and leave it in the shipyard, or tell the shipyard to take their time” finishing construction, Boggs says. “That’s still cheaper than taking delivery and just having it sit with no business.”
Mitsui O.S.K. won’t disclose the cost of idling the vessel, says Yuki Fujiwara, a spokesman for the Tokyo-based shipping line. “We can still make a profit with the ship over its 20-year contract even if we can’t find a home for it for the first year and a half,” he says. Still, Hashimoto is confident growing demand for LNG will increase the chances of finding work. “We’re looking for a temporary job where we can deploy the ship,” he says. “There are places in Asia and South America with such a need.”
Even if the big boat finds a temporary job, it may struggle to work to its full capacity. Today, some smaller LNG vessels in Asia aren’t fully deployed. And with the capacity to store 263,000 cubic meters (862,861 cubic feet) of LNG, Mitsui O.S.K.’s 345-meter vessel will be bigger than any other so-called floating storage regasification unit, or FSRU, on the water.
The ship’s size will make it harder to efficiently deploy, says Richard Nelson, a Singapore-based partner specializing in energy at law firm King & Spalding, who estimates that smaller FSRUs in Southeast Asia are already using no more than 30 percent of their capacity. “There’s a question generally about how to deploy FSRUs at anywhere near 100 percent capacity,” he says, “and the bigger the vessel, the more of an issue that becomes.”

These FSRUs have limited potential to simultaneously share their capacity across multiple customers and users, he says. Each one is basically a single complex with one storage tank. The market for the vessels is small, with fewer than two dozen in operation globally, but it’s recently been growing because countries have been taking advantage of a 60 percent plunge in LNG prices over the past two years to increase their consumption.
Egypt and Pakistan started importing LNG for the first time last year using the units, despite predictions that Egypt wouldn’t have the infrastructure in place to get the fuel this decade, says Andrew Buckland, principal analyst for LNG shipping and trade at Wood Mackenzie, an energy research and consulting firm. He expects there will be at least 30 FSRUs globally by 2018, up from 23 at the start of 2016.
LNG imports from FSRUs could rise 26 percent this year, to 29 million metric tons, after jumping 44 percent in 2015, according to Wood Mackenzie. “It’s definitely the brightest spot of the LNG industry,” Buckland says. “FSRUs allow you to access gas far more quickly than building a land-based facility.”

Close all those tabs. Open this email.

Get Bloomberg's daily newsletter.

But it’s still an expensive outlay. A new FSRU with a 170,000 cubic-meter capacity would cost more than $250 million, about a quarter of the cost of developing a similar-size onshore facility, King & Spalding said in a December report. Lately demand for some FSRUs has been hit by weaker economic growth, says John Mathai, an analyst at Bloomberg Intelligence. “Utilization levels have been weak, despite low LNG prices,” he says. “In the largest market for FSRUs by capacity, Brazil, gas demand has been hit by an economic slowdown.”Also clouding the outlook: Leasing fees for FSRUs have fallen because of competition, down 20 percent from five years ago, to about $120,000 a day, according to consultant CS LNG. And if smaller ships are idle, there’s unlikely to be a rush to give work to Mitsui O.S.K.’s immense vessel.

SOURCE BLOOMBERG